deBridge Solana SDK Development Guide

A comprehensive guide for building Solana programs with the deBridge Solana SDK - enabling decentralized cross-chain transfers of arbitrary messages and value between blockchains.

Overview

deBridge is a cross-chain infrastructure protocol enabling:

• Cross-Chain Transfers: Bridge assets between Solana and 20+ EVM chains
• Message Passing: Send arbitrary messages across blockchains
• External Calls: Execute smart contract calls on destination chains
• Sub-Second Settlement: ~2 second median settlement time
• Capital Efficiency: Intent-based architecture with 4bps lowest spreads

Key Features

• 26+ security audits (Halborn, Zokyo, Ackee Blockchain)
• $200K bug bounty on Immunefi
• 100% uptime since launch
• Zero security incidents

Quick Start

Installation

Add the SDK to your Anchor/Solana program:

cargo add --git ssh://git@github.com/debridge-finance/debridge-solana-sdk.git debridge-solana-sdk

Or add to Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
debridge-solana-sdk = { git = "ssh://git@github.com/debridge-finance/debridge-solana-sdk.git" }

Basic Setup (Anchor)

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use debridge_solana_sdk::prelude::*;

declare_id!("YourProgramId11111111111111111111111111111");

#[program]
pub mod my_bridge_program {
    use super::*;

    pub fn send_cross_chain(
        ctx: Context<SendCrossChain>,
        target_chain_id: [u8; 32],
        receiver: Vec<u8>,
        amount: u64,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        // Invoke deBridge send
        debridge_sending::invoke_debridge_send(
            debridge_sending::SendIx {
                target_chain_id,
                receiver,
                is_use_asset_fee: false,  // Use native SOL for fees
                amount,
                submission_params: None,
                referral_code: None,
            },
            ctx.remaining_accounts,
        )?;

        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct SendCrossChain<'info> {
    #[account(mut)]
    pub sender: Signer<'info>,
    // Additional accounts passed via remaining_accounts
}

Core Concepts

1. Chain IDs

deBridge uses 32-byte chain identifiers for all supported networks:

use debridge_solana_sdk::chain_ids::*;

// Solana
let solana = SOLANA_CHAIN_ID;  // Solana mainnet

// EVM Chains
let ethereum = ETHEREUM_CHAIN_ID;     // Chain ID: 1
let polygon = POLYGON_CHAIN_ID;       // Chain ID: 137
let bnb = BNB_CHAIN_CHAIN_ID;         // Chain ID: 56
let arbitrum = ARBITRUM_CHAIN_ID;     // Chain ID: 42161
let avalanche = AVALANCHE_CHAIN_ID;   // Chain ID: 43114
let fantom = FANTOM_CHAIN_ID;         // Chain ID: 250
let heco = HECO_CHAIN_ID;             // Chain ID: 128

2. Program IDs

use debridge_solana_sdk::{DEBRIDGE_ID, SETTINGS_ID};

// Main deBridge program for sending/claiming
let debridge_program = DEBRIDGE_ID;

// Settings and confirmation storage program
let settings_program = SETTINGS_ID;

3. Fee Structure

deBridge supports multiple fee payment methods:

// Native Fee (SOL)
is_use_asset_fee: false  // Pay fees in SOL

// Asset Fee
is_use_asset_fee: true   // Pay fees in the bridged token

// Fee Constants
const BPS_DENOMINATOR: u64 = 10000;  // Basis points divisor

4. Flags

Control transfer behavior with flags:

use debridge_solana_sdk::flags::*;

// Available flags (bit positions)
const UNWRAP_ETH: u8 = 0;              // Unwrap to native ETH on destination
const REVERT_IF_EXTERNAL_FAIL: u8 = 1; // Revert if external call fails
const PROXY_WITH_SENDER: u8 = 2;       // Include sender in proxy call
const SEND_HASHED_DATA: u8 = 3;        // Send data as hash
const DIRECT_WALLET_FLOW: u8 = 31;     // Use direct wallet flow

// Setting flags on submission params
let mut flags = [0u8; 32];
flags.set_reserved_flag(UNWRAP_ETH);
flags.set_reserved_flag(REVERT_IF_EXTERNAL_FAIL);

Sending Cross-Chain Transfers

Basic Token Transfer

use debridge_solana_sdk::prelude::*;

pub fn send_tokens(
    ctx: Context<SendTokens>,
    amount: u64,
) -> Result<()> {
    debridge_sending::invoke_debridge_send(
        debridge_sending::SendIx {
            target_chain_id: chain_ids::ETHEREUM_CHAIN_ID,
            receiver: recipient_eth_address.to_vec(),
            is_use_asset_fee: false,
            amount,
            submission_params: None,
            referral_code: Some(12345),  // Optional referral
        },
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Transfer with Fixed Native Fee

pub fn send_with_native_fee(
    ctx: Context<Send>,
    target_chain_id: [u8; 32],
    receiver: Vec<u8>,
    amount: u64,
) -> Result<()> {
    // Get the fixed fee for the target chain
    let fee = debridge_sending::get_chain_native_fix_fee(
        &target_chain_id,
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
    )?;

    debridge_sending::invoke_debridge_send(
        debridge_sending::SendIx {
            target_chain_id,
            receiver,
            is_use_asset_fee: false,
            amount,
            submission_params: None,
            referral_code: None,
        },
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Transfer with Asset Fee

pub fn send_with_asset_fee(
    ctx: Context<Send>,
    target_chain_id: [u8; 32],
    receiver: Vec<u8>,
    amount: u64,
) -> Result<()> {
    // Check if asset fee is available for this chain
    let is_available = debridge_sending::is_asset_fee_available(
        &target_chain_id,
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
    )?;

    if !is_available {
        return Err(error!(ErrorCode::AssetFeeNotAvailable));
    }

    debridge_sending::invoke_debridge_send(
        debridge_sending::SendIx {
            target_chain_id,
            receiver,
            is_use_asset_fee: true,  // Use asset for fees
            amount,
            submission_params: None,
            referral_code: None,
        },
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Transfer with Exact Amount

pub fn send_exact_amount(
    ctx: Context<Send>,
    target_chain_id: [u8; 32],
    receiver: Vec<u8>,
    exact_receive_amount: u64,
) -> Result<()> {
    // Calculate total amount including fees
    let total_with_fees = debridge_sending::add_all_fees(
        exact_receive_amount,
        &target_chain_id,
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
    )?;

    debridge_sending::invoke_debridge_send(
        debridge_sending::SendIx {
            target_chain_id,
            receiver,
            is_use_asset_fee: true,
            amount: total_with_fees,
            submission_params: None,
            referral_code: None,
        },
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Transfer from PDA (Signed)

pub fn send_from_pda(
    ctx: Context<SendFromPda>,
    target_chain_id: [u8; 32],
    receiver: Vec<u8>,
    amount: u64,
    pda_seeds: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
) -> Result<()> {
    // Use signed variant for PDA-owned tokens
    debridge_sending::invoke_debridge_send_signed(
        debridge_sending::SendIx {
            target_chain_id,
            receiver,
            is_use_asset_fee: false,
            amount,
            submission_params: None,
            referral_code: None,
        },
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
        &pda_seeds,
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Message Passing

Send messages without token transfers:

use debridge_solana_sdk::prelude::*;

pub fn send_message(
    ctx: Context<SendMessage>,
    target_chain_id: [u8; 32],
    receiver: Vec<u8>,
    message_data: Vec<u8>,
) -> Result<()> {
    // Create submission params with message
    let submission_params = debridge_sending::SendSubmissionParamsInput {
        execution_fee: 0,
        flags: [0u8; 32],
        fallback_address: receiver.clone(),
        external_call_shortcut: compute_keccak256(&message_data),
    };

    // Send message (zero amount)
    debridge_sending::invoke_send_message(
        debridge_sending::SendIx {
            target_chain_id,
            receiver,
            is_use_asset_fee: false,
            amount: 0,  // No token transfer
            submission_params: Some(submission_params),
            referral_code: None,
        },
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

External Calls

Execute smart contract calls on destination chains:

Initialize External Call Buffer

pub fn init_external_call(
    ctx: Context<InitExternalCall>,
    target_chain_id: [u8; 32],
    external_call_data: Vec<u8>,
) -> Result<()> {
    let shortcut = compute_keccak256(&external_call_data);

    debridge_sending::invoke_init_external_call(
        debridge_sending::InitExternalCallIx {
            external_call_len: external_call_data.len() as u32,
            chain_id: target_chain_id,
            external_call_shortcut: shortcut,
            external_call: external_call_data,
        },
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Send with External Call

pub fn send_with_external_call(
    ctx: Context<SendWithExternalCall>,
    target_chain_id: [u8; 32],
    receiver: Vec<u8>,  // Target contract address
    amount: u64,
    external_call_data: Vec<u8>,
    execution_fee: u64,  // Fee for executor on destination
) -> Result<()> {
    let shortcut = compute_keccak256(&external_call_data);

    // Set flags for external call behavior
    let mut flags = [0u8; 32];
    flags.set_reserved_flag(flags::REVERT_IF_EXTERNAL_FAIL);

    let submission_params = debridge_sending::SendSubmissionParamsInput {
        execution_fee,
        flags,
        fallback_address: ctx.accounts.fallback.key().to_bytes().to_vec(),
        external_call_shortcut: shortcut,
    };

    debridge_sending::invoke_debridge_send(
        debridge_sending::SendIx {
            target_chain_id,
            receiver,
            is_use_asset_fee: false,
            amount,
            submission_params: Some(submission_params),
            referral_code: None,
        },
        ctx.remaining_accounts,
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Claim Verification

Verify claims on the receiving side:

Validate Incoming Claims

use debridge_solana_sdk::check_claiming::*;

pub fn receive_tokens(ctx: Context<ReceiveTokens>) -> Result<()> {
    // Get and validate the parent claim instruction
    let claim_ix = ValidatedExecuteExtCallIx::try_from_current_ix()?;

    // Validate submission details
    let validation = SubmissionAccountValidation {
        receiver_validation: Some(ctx.accounts.receiver.key()),
        token_mint_validation: Some(ctx.accounts.token_mint.key()),
        source_chain_id_validation: Some(chain_ids::ETHEREUM_CHAIN_ID),
        ..Default::default()
    };

    claim_ix.validate_submission_account(
        &ctx.accounts.submission_account,
        &validation,
    )?;

    // Proceed with claim logic
    Ok(())
}

Get Submission Key

pub fn get_claim_info(ctx: Context<ClaimInfo>) -> Result<Pubkey> {
    let claim_ix = ValidatedExecuteExtCallIx::try_from_current_ix()?;
    let submission_key = claim_ix.get_submission_key()?;
    Ok(submission_key)
}

Fee Queries

Get Transfer Fees

// Get base transfer fee (in BPS)
let transfer_fee = debridge_sending::get_transfer_fee(
    ctx.remaining_accounts,
)?;

// Get transfer fee for specific chain
let chain_fee = debridge_sending::get_transfer_fee_for_chain(
    &target_chain_id,
    ctx.remaining_accounts,
)?;

// Get default native fix fee
let default_fee = debridge_sending::get_default_native_fix_fee(
    ctx.remaining_accounts,
)?;

// Get chain-specific native fix fee
let native_fee = debridge_sending::get_chain_native_fix_fee(
    &target_chain_id,
    ctx.remaining_accounts,
)?;

// Get asset fix fee for chain
let asset_fee = debridge_sending::try_get_chain_asset_fix_fee(
    &target_chain_id,
    ctx.remaining_accounts,
)?;

Calculate Total Amount with Fees

// Add transfer fee to amount
let with_transfer_fee = debridge_sending::add_transfer_fee(
    amount,
    ctx.remaining_accounts,
)?;

// Add all fees (transfer + execution + asset fees)
let total_amount = debridge_sending::add_all_fees(
    amount,
    &target_chain_id,
    ctx.remaining_accounts,
)?;

Chain Support Queries

// Check if chain is supported
let is_supported = debridge_sending::is_chain_supported(
    &target_chain_id,
    ctx.remaining_accounts,
)?;

// Get chain support info
let chain_info = debridge_sending::get_chain_support_info(
    &target_chain_id,
    ctx.remaining_accounts,
)?;

// Check if asset fee is available
let asset_fee_available = debridge_sending::is_asset_fee_available(
    &target_chain_id,
    ctx.remaining_accounts,
)?;

PDA Derivation

Bridge Account

use debridge_solana_sdk::keys::*;

// Find bridge PDA for a token mint
let (bridge_address, bump) = BridgePubkey::find_bridge_address(&token_mint);

// Create with known bump
let bridge_address = BridgePubkey::create_bridge_address(&token_mint, bump)?;

Chain Support Info

// Find chain support info PDA
let (chain_support_info, bump) = ChainSupportInfoPubkey::find_chain_support_info_address(
    &target_chain_id,
);

Asset Fee Info

// Find asset fee info PDA
let (asset_fee_info, bump) = AssetFeeInfoPubkey::find_asset_fee_info_address(
    &bridge_pubkey,
    &target_chain_id,
);

// Get default bridge fee address
let default_fee = AssetFeeInfoPubkey::default_bridge_fee_address();

External Call Storage

// Find external call storage PDA
let (storage, bump) = ExternalCallStoragePubkey::find_external_call_storage_address(
    &shortcut,
    &owner,
);

// Find external call meta PDA
let (meta, bump) = ExternalCallMetaPubkey::find_external_call_meta_address(
    &storage_account,
);

Required Accounts

The SDK requires specific accounts passed via remaining_accounts. The account order is important:

Index	Account	Signer	Writable	Description
0	Bridge	No	Yes	Bridge account for token
1	Token Mint	No	No	SPL Token mint
2	Staking Wallet	No	Yes	Staking rewards wallet
3	Mint Authority	No	No	Token mint authority
4	Chain Support Info	No	No	Target chain config
5	Settings Program	No	No	deBridge settings
6	SPL Token Program	No	No	Token program
7	State	No	No	Protocol state
8	deBridge Program	No	No	Main deBridge program
...	Additional accounts	-	-	Varies by operation

TypeScript Client Integration

Setup

import { Connection, Keypair, PublicKey, Transaction } from '@solana/web3.js';
import { Program, AnchorProvider, Wallet } from '@coral-xyz/anchor';

const connection = new Connection('https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com');
const wallet = new Wallet(keypair);
const provider = new AnchorProvider(connection, wallet, {});

// deBridge Program IDs
const DEBRIDGE_PROGRAM_ID = new PublicKey('DEbrdGj3HsRsAzx6uH4MKyREKxVAfBydijLUF3ygsFfh');
const SETTINGS_PROGRAM_ID = new PublicKey('DeSetTwWhjZq6Pz9Kfdo1KoS5NqtsM6G8ERbX4SSCSft');

Build Send Transaction

import {
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  getAssociatedTokenAddress
} from '@solana/spl-token';

async function buildSendTransaction(
  tokenMint: PublicKey,
  amount: bigint,
  targetChainId: Uint8Array,
  receiver: Uint8Array,
): Promise<Transaction> {
  // Derive required PDAs
  const [bridge] = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
    [Buffer.from('BRIDGE'), tokenMint.toBuffer()],
    DEBRIDGE_PROGRAM_ID
  );

  const [chainSupportInfo] = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
    [Buffer.from('CHAIN_SUPPORT_INFO'), targetChainId],
    SETTINGS_PROGRAM_ID
  );

  const [state] = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
    [Buffer.from('STATE')],
    DEBRIDGE_PROGRAM_ID
  );

  // Build instruction with remaining accounts
  const instruction = await program.methods
    .sendViaDebridge(
      Array.from(targetChainId),
      Array.from(receiver),
      new BN(amount.toString()),
    )
    .remainingAccounts([
      { pubkey: bridge, isSigner: false, isWritable: true },
      { pubkey: tokenMint, isSigner: false, isWritable: false },
      // ... additional required accounts
    ])
    .instruction();

  return new Transaction().add(instruction);
}

Build External Call Data

import { ethers } from 'ethers';
import { keccak256 } from '@ethersproject/keccak256';

function buildExternalCallData(
  targetContract: string,
  functionSig: string,
  params: any[]
): { data: Uint8Array; shortcut: Uint8Array } {
  const iface = new ethers.Interface([functionSig]);
  const calldata = iface.encodeFunctionData(
    functionSig.split('(')[0].replace('function ', ''),
    params
  );

  const data = ethers.getBytes(calldata);
  const shortcut = ethers.getBytes(keccak256(data));

  return { data, shortcut };
}

// Example: ERC20 approve call
const { data, shortcut } = buildExternalCallData(
  '0xTargetContract...',
  'function approve(address spender, uint256 amount)',
  ['0xSpenderAddress...', ethers.parseEther('1000')]
);

Testing

Anchor Test Setup

# Anchor.toml
[provider]
cluster = "mainnet"  # Use mainnet for testing with real deBridge

[programs.mainnet]
my_program = "YourProgramId..."

Run Tests

# Full build and test
cd example_program && anchor build && anchor test

# Test only (skip rebuild)
anchor test --skip-build --skip-deploy

Local Testing Tips

1. Use Mainnet Fork: deBridge infrastructure is on mainnet
2. Mock Remaining Accounts: Create mock accounts for unit tests
3. Test Fee Calculations: Verify fee amounts before sending

Build Features

The SDK supports different environments via Cargo features:

# Production (default) - uses hardcoded program IDs
debridge-solana-sdk = { git = "..." }

# Custom environment - uses env vars
debridge-solana-sdk = { git = "...", features = ["env"] }

Environment variables for custom networks:

• DEBRIDGE_PROGRAM_PUBKEY: Custom deBridge program ID
• DEBRIDGE_SETTINGS_PROGRAM_PUBKEY: Custom settings program ID

Resources

• deBridge Documentation
• Solana SDK GitHub
• deBridge App
• Widget Integration
• API Reference

Skill Structure

debridge/
├── SKILL.md                          # This file
├── resources/
│   ├── sdk-api-reference.md          # Complete SDK API reference
│   ├── chain-ids.md                  # Supported chain identifiers
│   ├── program-ids.md                # Program IDs and PDAs
│   └── error-codes.md                # Error types and handling
├── examples/
│   ├── basic-transfer/               # Simple cross-chain transfer
│   ├── external-calls/               # External call execution
│   ├── message-passing/              # Message-only transfers
│   └── fee-configurations/           # Fee payment options
└── docs/
    └── troubleshooting.md            # Common issues and solutions

Pyth Network Development Guide

Pyth Network is a decentralized oracle providing real-time price feeds for cryptocurrencies, equities, forex, and commodities. This guide covers integrating Pyth price feeds into Solana applications.

Overview

Pyth Network provides:

• Real-Time Price Feeds - 400ms update frequency with pull oracle model
• Confidence Intervals - Statistical uncertainty bounds for each price
• EMA Prices - Exponential moving average prices (~1 hour window)
• Multi-Asset Support - Crypto, equities, FX, commodities, indices
• On-Chain Integration - CPI for Solana programs
• Off-Chain Integration - HTTP and WebSocket APIs via Hermes

Program IDs

Program	Address	Description
Solana Receiver	rec5EKMGg6MxZYaMdyBfgwp4d5rB9T1VQH5pJv5LtFJ	Posts price updates to Solana
Price Feed	pythWSnswVUd12oZpeFP8e9CVaEqJg25g1Vtc2biRsT	Stores price feed data

Deployed on: Solana Mainnet, Devnet, Eclipse Mainnet/Testnet, Sonic networks

Popular Price Feed IDs

Asset	Hex Feed ID
BTC/USD	0xe62df6c8b4a85fe1a67db44dc12de5db330f7ac66b72dc658afedf0f4a415b43
ETH/USD	0xff61491a931112ddf1bd8147cd1b641375f79f5825126d665480874634fd0ace
SOL/USD	0xef0d8b6fda2ceba41da15d4095d1da392a0d2f8ed0c6c7bc0f4cfac8c280b56d
USDC/USD	0xeaa020c61cc479712813461ce153894a96a6c00b21ed0cfc2798d1f9a9e9c94a
USDT/USD	0x2b89b9dc8fdf9f34709a5b106b472f0f39bb6ca9ce04b0fd7f2e971688e2e53b

Full list: https://pyth.network/developers/price-feed-ids

Quick Start

Installation

# TypeScript/JavaScript
npm install @pythnetwork/hermes-client @pythnetwork/pyth-solana-receiver

# Rust (add to Cargo.toml)
# pyth-solana-receiver-sdk = "0.3.0"

Fetch Price (Off-Chain)

import { HermesClient } from "@pythnetwork/hermes-client";

const client = new HermesClient("https://hermes.pyth.network");

const priceIds = [
  "0xe62df6c8b4a85fe1a67db44dc12de5db330f7ac66b72dc658afedf0f4a415b43", // BTC/USD
];

const priceUpdates = await client.getLatestPriceUpdates(priceIds);

for (const update of priceUpdates.parsed) {
  const price = update.price;
  const displayPrice = Number(price.price) * Math.pow(10, price.expo);
  console.log(`Price: $${displayPrice.toFixed(2)}`);
  console.log(`Confidence: ±${Number(price.conf) * Math.pow(10, price.expo)}`);
}

Use Price On-Chain (Rust/Anchor)

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use pyth_solana_receiver_sdk::price_update::PriceUpdateV2;

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct UsePrice<'info> {
    pub price_update: Account<'info, PriceUpdateV2>,
}

pub fn use_price(ctx: Context<UsePrice>) -> Result<()> {
    let price_update = &ctx.accounts.price_update;
    let clock = Clock::get()?;

    // Get price no older than 60 seconds
    let price = price_update.get_price_no_older_than(
        &clock,
        60, // max age in seconds
    )?;

    msg!("Price: {} × 10^{}", price.price, price.exponent);
    msg!("Confidence: ±{}", price.conf);

    Ok(())
}

---

Core Concepts

Price Structure

Each Pyth price contains:

Field	Type	Description
price	i64	Price value in fixed-point format
conf	u64	Confidence interval (standard deviation)
expo	i32	Exponent for scaling (e.g., -8 means divide by 10^8)
publish_time	i64	Unix timestamp of price

Converting to display price:

const displayPrice = price * Math.pow(10, expo);
// Example: price=19405100, expo=-2 → $194,051.00

Confidence Intervals

Confidence intervals represent the uncertainty in the reported price:

// Price is $50,000 ± $50 means:
// - 68% chance true price is between $49,950 - $50,050
// - Use confidence for risk management

const price = 50000;
const confidence = 50;

// Safe lower bound (conservative)
const safeLowerBound = price - confidence;

// Safe upper bound (conservative)
const safeUpperBound = price + confidence;

Best Practice: Reject prices with confidence > 2% of price:

const maxConfidenceRatio = 0.02; // 2%
const confidenceRatio = confidence / Math.abs(price);

if (confidenceRatio > maxConfidenceRatio) {
  throw new Error("Price confidence too wide");
}

EMA Prices

Exponential Moving Average prices smooth out short-term volatility:

• ~1 hour averaging window (5921 Solana slots)
• Weighted by inverse confidence (tight confidence = more weight)
• Good for: liquidations, collateral valuation
• Available as ema_price and ema_conf

// Use EMA for less volatile applications
const emaPrice = priceUpdate.emaPrice;
const emaConf = priceUpdate.emaConf;

---

Off-Chain Integration

Hermes Client

Hermes is the recommended way to fetch Pyth prices off-chain.

Public Endpoint: https://hermes.pyth.network

For production, get a dedicated endpoint from a Pyth data provider.

Fetching Latest Prices

import { HermesClient } from "@pythnetwork/hermes-client";

const client = new HermesClient("https://hermes.pyth.network");

// Single price
const btcPrice = await client.getLatestPriceUpdates([
  "0xe62df6c8b4a85fe1a67db44dc12de5db330f7ac66b72dc658afedf0f4a415b43"
]);

// Multiple prices in one request
const prices = await client.getLatestPriceUpdates([
  "0xe62df6c8b4a85fe1a67db44dc12de5db330f7ac66b72dc658afedf0f4a415b43", // BTC
  "0xff61491a931112ddf1bd8147cd1b641375f79f5825126d665480874634fd0ace", // ETH
  "0xef0d8b6fda2ceba41da15d4095d1da392a0d2f8ed0c6c7bc0f4cfac8c280b56d", // SOL
]);

Streaming Real-Time Updates

import { HermesClient } from "@pythnetwork/hermes-client";

const client = new HermesClient("https://hermes.pyth.network");

const priceIds = [
  "0xe62df6c8b4a85fe1a67db44dc12de5db330f7ac66b72dc658afedf0f4a415b43"
];

// Subscribe to real-time updates via SSE
const eventSource = await client.getPriceUpdatesStream(priceIds, {
  parsed: true,
});

eventSource.onmessage = (event) => {
  const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
  console.log("Price update:", data);
};

eventSource.onerror = (error) => {
  console.error("Stream error:", error);
  eventSource.close();
};

// Close when done
// eventSource.close();

Posting Prices to Solana

import { PythSolanaReceiver } from "@pythnetwork/pyth-solana-receiver";
import { HermesClient } from "@pythnetwork/hermes-client";
import { Connection, Keypair } from "@solana/web3.js";

const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");
const wallet = Keypair.fromSecretKey(/* your key */);

const hermesClient = new HermesClient("https://hermes.pyth.network");
const pythReceiver = new PythSolanaReceiver({ connection, wallet });

// Fetch price update data
const priceUpdateData = await hermesClient.getLatestPriceUpdates([
  "0xe62df6c8b4a85fe1a67db44dc12de5db330f7ac66b72dc658afedf0f4a415b43"
]);

// Build transaction to post price
const transactionBuilder = pythReceiver.newTransactionBuilder();
await transactionBuilder.addPostPriceUpdates(priceUpdateData.binary.data);

// Add your program instruction that uses the price
// transactionBuilder.addInstruction(yourInstruction);

// Send transaction
const transactions = await transactionBuilder.buildVersionedTransactions({
  computeUnitPriceMicroLamports: 50000,
});

for (const tx of transactions) {
  const sig = await connection.sendTransaction(tx);
  console.log("Transaction:", sig);
}

---

On-Chain Integration (Rust)

Setup

Add to Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
pyth-solana-receiver-sdk = "0.3.0"
anchor-lang = "0.30.1"

Reading Price in Anchor Program

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use pyth_solana_receiver_sdk::price_update::{PriceUpdateV2, get_feed_id_from_hex};

declare_id!("YourProgramId...");

// BTC/USD price feed ID
const BTC_USD_FEED_ID: &str = "0xe62df6c8b4a85fe1a67db44dc12de5db330f7ac66b72dc658afedf0f4a415b43";

#[program]
pub mod my_program {
    use super::*;

    pub fn check_price(ctx: Context<CheckPrice>) -> Result<()> {
        let price_update = &ctx.accounts.price_update;
        let clock = Clock::get()?;

        // Verify this is the correct feed
        let feed_id = get_feed_id_from_hex(BTC_USD_FEED_ID)?;

        // Get price no older than 60 seconds
        let price = price_update.get_price_no_older_than_with_custom_verification(
            &clock,
            60,
            &feed_id,
            ctx.accounts.price_update.to_account_info().owner,
        )?;

        msg!("BTC/USD Price: {} × 10^{}", price.price, price.exponent);
        msg!("Confidence: ±{}", price.conf);

        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct CheckPrice<'info> {
    #[account(
        constraint = price_update.to_account_info().owner == &pyth_solana_receiver_sdk::ID
    )]
    pub price_update: Account<'info, PriceUpdateV2>,
}

Using Price for Calculations

pub fn swap_with_oracle(
    ctx: Context<SwapWithOracle>,
    amount_in: u64,
) -> Result<()> {
    let price_update = &ctx.accounts.price_update;
    let clock = Clock::get()?;

    // Get price with staleness check
    let price = price_update.get_price_no_older_than(&clock, 30)?;

    // Validate confidence (max 1% of price)
    let conf_ratio = (price.conf as u128 * 10000) / (price.price.unsigned_abs() as u128);
    require!(conf_ratio <= 100, ErrorCode::ConfidenceTooWide);

    // Convert price to usable format
    // price.price is in fixed-point with price.exponent
    let price_scaled = if price.exponent >= 0 {
        (price.price as u128) * 10_u128.pow(price.exponent as u32)
    } else {
        (price.price as u128) / 10_u128.pow((-price.exponent) as u32)
    };

    // Calculate output amount using oracle price
    let amount_out = (amount_in as u128)
        .checked_mul(price_scaled)
        .ok_or(ErrorCode::MathOverflow)?
        / 1_000_000; // Adjust for decimals

    msg!("Swap {} -> {} using price {}", amount_in, amount_out, price_scaled);

    Ok(())
}

#[error_code]
pub enum ErrorCode {
    #[msg("Price confidence interval too wide")]
    ConfidenceTooWide,
    #[msg("Math overflow")]
    MathOverflow,
}

Multiple Price Feeds

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Liquidation<'info> {
    #[account(
        constraint = collateral_price.to_account_info().owner == &pyth_solana_receiver_sdk::ID
    )]
    pub collateral_price: Account<'info, PriceUpdateV2>,

    #[account(
        constraint = debt_price.to_account_info().owner == &pyth_solana_receiver_sdk::ID
    )]
    pub debt_price: Account<'info, PriceUpdateV2>,
}

pub fn check_liquidation(ctx: Context<Liquidation>) -> Result<bool> {
    let clock = Clock::get()?;

    let collateral = ctx.accounts.collateral_price
        .get_price_no_older_than(&clock, 60)?;
    let debt = ctx.accounts.debt_price
        .get_price_no_older_than(&clock, 60)?;

    // Normalize to same exponent for comparison
    let collateral_value = normalize_price(collateral.price, collateral.exponent);
    let debt_value = normalize_price(debt.price, debt.exponent);

    // Check if undercollateralized
    let is_liquidatable = collateral_value < debt_value * 150 / 100; // 150% ratio

    Ok(is_liquidatable)
}

fn normalize_price(price: i64, expo: i32) -> i128 {
    let target_expo = -8; // Normalize to 8 decimals
    let adjustment = expo - target_expo;

    if adjustment >= 0 {
        (price as i128) * 10_i128.pow(adjustment as u32)
    } else {
        (price as i128) / 10_i128.pow((-adjustment) as u32)
    }
}

---

Best Practices

1. Always Check Staleness

// Don't use old prices - set appropriate max age
let max_age_seconds = 60;
let price = price_update.get_price_no_older_than(&clock, max_age_seconds)?;

2. Validate Confidence Intervals

// Reject prices with wide confidence (high uncertainty)
const MAX_CONF_BPS: u64 = 200; // 2%

let conf_bps = (price.conf as u128 * 10000) / (price.price.unsigned_abs() as u128);
require!(conf_bps <= MAX_CONF_BPS as u128, ErrorCode::ConfidenceTooWide);

3. Verify Account Ownership

// Always verify the price account is owned by Pyth
#[account(
    constraint = price_update.to_account_info().owner == &pyth_solana_receiver_sdk::ID
)]
pub price_update: Account<'info, PriceUpdateV2>,

4. Use EMA for Sensitive Operations

// For liquidations, use EMA to avoid manipulation
let ema_price = price_update.get_ema_price_no_older_than(&clock, 60)?;

5. Handle Price Unavailability

try {
  const price = await client.getLatestPriceUpdates([feedId]);
  // Use price
} catch (error) {
  // Fallback behavior or reject transaction
  console.error("Price unavailable:", error);
}

6. Consider Frontrunning

• Adversaries may see price updates before your transaction
• Don't design logic that races against price updates
• Use appropriate slippage tolerances

---

Price Feed Types

Fixed Price Feed Accounts

• Maintained continuously by Pyth
• Fixed address per feed
• Always has most recent price
• Shared by all users (potential congestion)

Ephemeral Price Update Accounts

• Created per transaction
• Can specify shard ID for parallelization
• Rent can be recovered after use
• Better for high-throughput applications

// Use shard ID to avoid congestion
const transactionBuilder = pythReceiver.newTransactionBuilder({
  shardId: Math.floor(Math.random() * 65536), // Random shard
});

---

Resources

Official Documentation

• Pyth Documentation
• Price Feed IDs
• Solana Integration Guide

GitHub Repositories

• pyth-network/pyth-crosschain
• pyth-network/pyth-sdk-rs

NPM Packages

• @pythnetwork/hermes-client
• @pythnetwork/pyth-solana-receiver

Rust Crates

• pyth-solana-receiver-sdk

---

Skill Structure

pyth/
├── SKILL.md                          # This file
├── resources/
│   ├── program-addresses.md          # All program IDs and feed IDs
│   └── api-reference.md              # SDK API reference
├── examples/
│   ├── price-feeds/
│   │   ├── fetch-price.ts            # Basic price fetching
│   │   └── multiple-prices.ts        # Multiple price feeds
│   ├── on-chain/
│   │   ├── anchor-integration.rs     # Anchor program example
│   │   └── price-validation.rs       # Price validation patterns
│   └── streaming/
│       └── real-time-updates.ts      # WebSocket streaming
├── templates/
│   ├── pyth-client.ts                # TypeScript client template
│   └── anchor-oracle.rs              # Anchor program template
└── docs/
    └── troubleshooting.md            # Common issues and solutions

Pyth on EVM Chains

This skill covers Pyth integration for Solana applications using Anchor CPI. For EVM chain integration (Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Optimism, Polygon, and 50+ other chains), see the pyth-evm skill.

Key differences between Pyth Solana and Pyth EVM:

Aspect	Pyth Solana (this skill)	Pyth EVM (pyth-evm skill)
Contract interface	Anchor CPI to Pyth program	Solidity IPyth interface
Price update	Pull from Pyth accumulator account	Submit bytes[] via updatePriceFeeds
Contract address	Single Pyth program on Solana	Varies per EVM chain
Gas/compute	Compute units	~120-150K gas per feed update
SDK	@pythnetwork/pyth-solana-receiver	@pythnetwork/hermes-client v3.1.0

Price feed IDs (bytes32) are the same across all chains — a BTC/USD feed ID works on both Solana and Ethereum.

Related Skills

• pyth-evm — Pyth oracle integration for EVM chains (Solidity + TypeScript)
• chainlink — Push oracle alternative on EVM chains
• redstone — Another pull oracle for EVM chains